The Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) charged ten former commanders of the extinct FARC for at least 44 non-amnestiable crimes against indigenous peoples Korebajü (Koreguaje), Siona (Zio Bain), Hitnü, Jiw and Nükak Baká, in the Amazon and Orinoquía subcase of Case 09.
The accused of South Block They are Milton de Jesús Toncel Redondo (‘Joaquín Gómez’), Elmer Caviedes (‘Albeiro Córdoba’), Floresmiro Burbano (‘Martín Corena’), Fabián Ramírez Cabrera, Darío Lee Díaz, Luis Enrique Montes Ávila (‘Euclides Bermúdez’), Gustavo Cuéllar Pajoy (‘Manuel Político’) and Liberman Imbachí Chilito. Of the Eastern Block They are Jaime Alberto Parra Rodríguez (‘Mauricio Jaramillo’) and Julián Gallo Cubillos. They are mainly attributed mediate co-authorship in an organized apparatus of power and, in the case of torture, command responsibility.
JEP credited the Siona Indigenous People and their Mãi Yija territory as victims in Case 09. Photo:JEP.
The crimes
The Room, with a presentation by Judge Juan José Cantillo, classifies the events as crimes against humanity and war: extermination, murder, forced transfer, torture, forced disappearance and persecution, as well as homicide, forced displacement, use of antipersonnel mines and destruction of nature as a civil asset.
The car groups them into two patterns. The first is the social and territorial controlwhich included attacks against authorities, leaders and other indigenous people who opposed the interests of the guerrilla, and the elimination or exile of those accused of collaborating with enemy groups. The second is the conduct of hostilitieswith the mining of ancestral territories and damage to nature.
Judge Juan José Cantillo is rapporteur of the Amazonas subcase of Case 09. Photo:JEP.
The decision develops some 44 facts. Among the most serious are two massacres of the Korebajü people in the municipality of Milan (Caquetá)in 1997. The first It occurred on July 25 in the San Luis reservationwhere thirteen men arrived armed with a book of names, separated the inhabitants by sex and age and selected seven men, who were murdered with shots to the head. The victims were Reimundo Figueroa, chief of the reservation; teachers Abrahán Figueroa Piranga and Edgar Camacho Bolaños; and the traditional leaders Dionisio Figueroa Camacho, Carlos Valencia Pizarro, Salvador Piranga Castaño and Leonardo Bolaños Calderón. the car attributes the massacre to the 15th and 49th fronts. According to some testimonies, the order came from alias ‘Mocho César’, deceased, along with ‘Euclides Bermúdez’. After the attack, the community moved collectively.
The second massacre was on September 4 in San José del Cuerazowhere four men were murdered: Alejandro Piranga Pizarro, traditional authority of the reservation, José Piranga Pizarro, Salomón Piranga Valencia and Waldemiro Camacho Bolaños.
The car also recounts other crimes. Milan councilor and Korebajü leader Luis Piranga He was murdered on October 12, 1996 in Herichá, with two shots to the head. On July 10, 1997, in San Luis, Elvier Figueroa Camacho was disappearedFanio Figueroa, Oimar Murcia and Fredy Bolaños, who had been called with a list and did not return. On April 14, 2009, Vladimir Gutiérrez Cruz, 14 years old, was detained and disappeared by members of the Front 15 after saying that he worked ‘for the government’. The Hitnü teacher Pablo Rodríguez Garavito was murdered on July 9, 2009 in the Cuiloto Marrero community (Puerto Rondón, Arauca), although some ordinary justice sources indicate June 9. The governor of the Siona Buenavista reservation and president of the Siona Town Council Association, Franco Ever Yaiguaje Payaguaje, was detained by the Front 48 on November 17, 2005 and was detained for more than twenty days.
Travel also marks the decision. Those of Diego Iles and Álvaro Piranga, Korebajü authorities, on May 1, 2006, and that of Taita Sergio Yaiguaje on June 3, 2011 are documented. Among the Nükak Baká, fourteen members of the Wayari Muno group were displaced in April 2005 and ninety-seven from the Wayari Munu group in November 2005, by orders attributed to the Front 44. Between 2012 and 2014, the 48th Front installed antipersonnel mines and improvised explosive devices on roads, trails and mountain areas of the Zio Bain Buenavista reservation, in Puerto Asís (Putumayo). The car also reports mining in Hitnü and Jiw territories by the 10th and 44th fronts, and three civilians killed by these devices. Finally, it documents two cases of torture, including that of Loreto Figueroa, forcibly detained, tortured and displaced between August and September 2005.
JEP credited the Siona Indigenous People and their Mãi Yija territory as victims in Case 09. Photo:J.E.P.
With cut to March 2026the JEP Information Analysis Group counts 1,150 victimizations against indigenous peoples attributable to the two blocks: 598 to the South Block, 536 to the Eastern Block and 16 to other FARC units without an identified block. Of that total, 437 were identified by explicit mention in the sources and 697 by presumption based on the coincidence of municipality and year. Forced displacement is the most frequent occurrencewith 262 victims from the Southern Block and 253 from the Eastern Block, followed by homicide, with 149 and 58, and by forced disappearance in the Eastern Block, with 54. Threats total 52 in the Southern Block.
It should be noted that the decision emphasizes that the damage transcended the collective dimension of these communities, affecting their ways of life, their spirituality and their relationship with the environment.
The subcase It also records 105,069 individual ethnic victims between 1996 and 2016of which 66,748 (64%) are indigenous and 35,069 (33%) Afro-Colombian. That universe is not entirely attributable to these two blocks. The order recognizes that the individual figures of the prioritized towns are low and do not measure the collective damage: 19 victims Korebajü, 10 Jiw, 6 Nükak and 4 Hitnü.
Who are they and what is attributed to them?
Toncel was commander of the South Block between 1993 and 2016 and coordinator before the Secretariat between 2008 and 2016. Cuéllar was a member of the General Staff of the 48th Front between 2009 and 2016. Parra was coordinator and commander of the Eastern Bloc between 2010 and 2016 and a member of the Secretariat. To the highest commanding officers of the South Block, Toncel, Burbano and Ramírez Cabrera, They are credited with the widest catalog of crimeswhile the others receive more limited accusations. Gallo is only charged with the war crime of homicide and the use of antipersonnel mines.
What’s next
The appearing will have 30 business days from notification to decide whether or not they recognize their responsibility, and within that period they will also be able to speak out and provide evidence about the events and their participation. The facts are also made available to the five peoples accredited as collective victims and to the Attorney General’s Office. The Chamber requires the appearing parties provide complete truth and reparation to the victimsand orders to notify the order with ethnic and cultural relevance to the authorities of the five towns in ten days.
Juan Diego Torres
Dielas@eltiempo.com
