While most countries maintain armed forces, a handful of sovereign states have chosen to operate without a standing military.
Instead, they rely on police services, coast guards, volunteer units, or defense agreements with larger allies for their security.
1. Costa Rica
Costa Rica abolished its military in 1948 following a civil war and enshrined the decision in its constitution. Internal security is handled by national police and specialized public forces, while the country emphasizes diplomacy and international law.
2. Panama
Panama disbanded its military in 1990 after the U.S. invasion that ousted Manuel Noriega. Today, security responsibilities are carried out by police, border protection agencies, and maritime services.
3. Iceland
Despite being a founding member of NATO, Iceland has no standing army, navy, or air force. National defense is supported through NATO cooperation, while the Icelandic Coast Guard handles maritime security and search-and-rescue operations.
4. Liechtenstein
The tiny European principality abolished its army in 1868, citing the high cost of maintaining it. Security is provided by a national police force, while neighboring Switzerland plays a key role in safeguarding the country’s interests.
5. Monaco
Monaco does not maintain conventional armed forces. Instead, it has ceremonial and internal security units, including the Prince’s Carabiniers. France is responsible for the principality’s defense under longstanding agreements.
6. Andorra
Nestled between France and Spain, Andorra has no standing military. It maintains a small police force, while defense responsibilities are covered through arrangements with its two larger neighbors.
7. San Marino
One of the world’s oldest republics, San Marino maintains volunteer and ceremonial corps rather than a full-fledged military. Under bilateral agreements, Italy assumes responsibility for the country’s defense.
8. Vatican City
The world’s smallest sovereign state has no army, navy, or air force. Security within the Vatican is provided by the Swiss Guard and the Vatican Gendarmerie, while Italy assists with external defense and protection.
9. Nauru
The Pacific island nation of Nauru has no armed forces. Law enforcement is handled by the Nauru Police Force, while Australia provides defense assistance under regional arrangements.
10. Tuvalu
Tuvalu, another Pacific island nation, does not maintain a military establishment. Policing and maritime surveillance are handled domestically, with defense support provided by Australia and regional partners.
